
Broccoli Farming in Kenya: A Comprehensive Guide
Broccoli, a nutritious vegetable belonging to the Cruciferae family (commonly known as the cabbage family), has become increasingly popular in Kenya. With its botanical name Brassica oleracea cv. italica, broccoli is in high demand both locally and internationally, making it a profitable crop for farmers.
Ideal Soils for Broccoli Farming
Broccoli thrives in a range of soil types, from light sandy loams to heavy clay loams, provided they have good drainage. In areas with poor drainage, raised beds are recommended to improve water flow. Maintaining consistent soil moisture is critical, especially for the development of healthy main heads and side shoots. Farmers should aim for a soil pH between 6.0 and 6.5 to optimize broccoli growth and nutrient absorption.
Planting Techniques for Broccoli
Broccoli can be planted through direct seeding or transplanting. The recommended soil temperature for planting is between 45°F and 50°F. Planting is typically done in double rows on raised beds that are 38 to 42 inches wide, with a spacing of 12 to 14 inches between rows and 5 to 6 inches between plants within a row.
For transplanting, seedlings should be 4-5 weeks old with 4-5 true leaves. Using seedling trays with a cell diameter of at least 1 inch is advised. Hardening seedlings before transplanting is crucial to ensure successful establishment in the field.
Fertilization and Irrigation
Broccoli is a nutrient-demanding crop, and soil nutrient tests should guide fertilization practices. Maintaining consistent moisture levels is essential for maximum yields, particularly during head formation. Drip irrigation is the most effective method for water management, ensuring precise delivery without overwatering. Overwatering should be avoided as it can lead to watery heads, hollow stems, and root rot.
Weed Management Strategies
Weed control is critical for broccoli farming, especially before the pre-heading stage. Farmers can manage weeds through herbicides, mechanical control, and crop rotation systems. Pre-emergence and post-emergence weeds, including broadleaf varieties and grasses, can be managed using selective herbicides like Commander® 240 EC, which should be applied three days before transplanting.
Pests and Diseases in Broccoli Farming
Broccoli faces threats from various insect pests such as flea beetles, cabbage loopers, imported cabbageworms, diamondback moths, and aphids. Monitoring pest populations through scouting or traps is essential to determine the need for pesticide application. Effective chemical controls include products like Occasion Star, Trumpet, Defender, and Amazing Top.
Diseases like black rot, blackleg, bacterial head rot, downy mildew, and Alternaria can also impact broccoli yields. Farmers should adopt disease prevention strategies such as crop rotation and planting disease-resistant varieties. Chemical solutions, including Compliant, Chancetyl Elite, and Exempocurve, can help manage these diseases effectively.

Harvesting and Storage
Broccoli should be harvested by hand when the heads are tight, closed, and free from yellow petals to meet quality standards. Heads are graded based on size, with an average diameter of 6 inches, and the tightness of flower beads.
Post-harvest, broccoli must be cooled immediately using packed ice or a hydrocooler to preserve freshness. Maintaining a storage temperature of 32°F with 95-100% relative humidity extends shelf life to 10-14 days. Beyond this period, the dark green color and firmness of the heads may begin to deteriorate.
Conclusion
Broccoli farming in Kenya offers a lucrative opportunity for farmers willing to adopt best practices in soil preparation, planting, pest control, and post-harvest handling. By focusing on these areas, growers can meet the increasing demand for this highly nutritious vegetable in both local and export markets, securing a sustainable and profitable future.