Arrowroot farming is gaining popularity in Kenya due to its high nutritional value and increasing market demand. This versatile crop is primarily grown in water-rich regions like Nyando, Ahero, and Muhoroni in Kisumu, where the fertile, moisture-laden soil supports its growth. However, not all arrowroot varieties require swampy areas for optimal growth. For example, the Burundi variety, a hybrid tuber, thrives in regions with limited water supply.

Arrowroot tubers are known for their numerous health benefits, including being rich in vitamins B6 and C, fiber, iron, zinc, and phosphorus. These nutrients make arrowroot an excellent dietary choice, offering both health benefits and financial potential for farmers.

Preparing the Waterbed for Arrowroot Farming

To begin planting arrowroots, it’s essential to prepare the land by creating planting holes spaced 9 by 9 inches apart. Each hole should be filled with 150 ml of organic fertilizer to enhance soil fertility and increase productivity. On a quarter-acre plot, you can prepare up to 10 moisture beds, with each bed accommodating around 220 arrowroot corms.

It’s vital to water the beds regularly, at least once a week, to ensure optimal growth. During the dry season, mulching is recommended to reduce water evaporation and control weed growth, making farm management easier. This method is key to maintaining healthy plants and maximizing yields.

Ideal Soil Requirements for Arrowroot Farming

Arrowroots thrive in well-drained, loamy soil. Avoid planting in clay soil, as it hinders proper rhizome development and leads to deformed or broken tubers during harvest. Additionally, planting in shaded areas can reduce yields, so it’s important to choose well-lit areas for optimal growth.

For successful farming, the soil should be prepared carefully, and it’s crucial to maintain the soil pH level between 5.5 and 6.5. These soil conditions promote healthy growth and high-quality tubers.

Land Preparation and Modern Techniques for Arrowroot Farming

Traditional arrowroot farming involves planting along riverbeds, but modern techniques such as Upland Arrowroot Technology have made it possible to plant in upland areas. This method includes creating trenches lined with polythene paper, filled with a soil-manure mixture in a 2:1 ratio. This innovative approach allows for better drainage, making it possible to grow arrowroots in non-swampy areas.

It’s essential to plough and harrow the land two to three times before planting to create a deep, loose bed ideal for tuber development. Proper irrigation is key to ensuring consistent growth, so be sure to water the crops at least once a week during the growing season.

Irrigation and Fertilization for Optimal Growth

Irrigation is critical for arrowroot farming, especially during the early growth stages. Water the crops at least once a week to maintain consistent soil moisture. Arrowroots respond well to both organic and commercial fertilizers, so consider using a combination of both for maximum results. For commercial fertilizers, apply at a rate of 300 kg per hectare to achieve the best possible yields.

Managing Arrowroot Pests and Diseases

Arrowroot farming is not without its challenges, as the crop is susceptible to several pests and diseases. Early detection is crucial for effective management and a bountiful harvest.

Bacterial Wilt: Caused by the Xanthomonas maranta pathogen, bacterial wilt affects the root’s vascular system. To prevent this disease, avoid planting in previously infected areas and immediately burn any infected plants.

Leaf Mosaic Disease: Often transmitted by aphids, this disease appears as small whitish dots on the leaves. Controlling aphids and other vector insects is key to managing the disease and preventing its spread.

Banded Leaf Blight: This fungal disease, caused by Thanatephorus, leads to necrotic and rotten leaves. It can also affect other crops like citrus, sugarcane, and rice. To control this disease, use foliar fungicides such as copper, Maneb, and Zineb.

Harvesting Arrowroots for Maximum Yield

Arrowroots take between 8 to 12 months to mature, depending on the variety. Harvesting after the 11th month often results in higher yields, with tubers containing up to 25% more starch than those harvested earlier.

The crop is ready for harvest when the leaves begin to yellow and shrink. Arrowroot tubers have multiple uses, including being a natural carbohydrate source, making high-quality starch for baking products like biscuits, puddings, and cakes, and even serving as a substitute for bread when boiled or roasted.

Conclusion: The Benefits of Arrowroot Farming in Kenya

Arrowroot farming presents a profitable and sustainable agricultural opportunity in Kenya. With proper land preparation, irrigation, fertilization, and pest management, farmers can tap into a growing market for this nutritious and versatile crop. Arrowroots are in high demand, not only for their nutritional value but also for their wide range of uses in food products. By adopting modern farming techniques and maintaining optimal conditions, Kenyan farmers can achieve consistent yields and capitalize on this rewarding venture.